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Radiation Protection Dosimetry 2004 112(4):471-481; doi:10.1093/rpd/nch091
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Radiation Protection Dosimetry Vol. 112, No. 4 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved

The variation in biological effectiveness of X-rays and gamma rays with energy

M. A. Hill

MRC Radiation and Genome Stability Unit, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK

* Corresponding author: m.hill{at}har.mrc.ac.uk

The ICRP has attributed the same relative risk for all low-LET (linear energy transfer) radiations, including X and gamma radiations of all energies. However, very low energy X-rays are expected to be more biologically effective, per unit absorbed dose, than high energy X-rays or gamma rays due to the production of lower energy secondary electrons, with a correspondingly higher LET. This increase in relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is also seen experimentally for a range of biological end-points, however, a wide range of RBE values have been reported. The assessment of risks is particularly important due to the use of low energy X-rays for mammography screening. A review of the published data on the variation in biological effectiveness with energy is presented here.


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