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Radiation Protection Dosimetry Advance Access published online on September 24, 2009
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncp191
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

UNDERSTANDING AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE RISKS TO HUMAN HEALTH FROM EXPOSURE TO LOW LEVELS OF RADIATION

Dudley T. Goodhead*

c/o Medical Research Council, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0RD, UK

* Corresponding author: d.goodhead{at}har.mrc.ac.uk

Exposure to ionising radiation can lead to a wide variety of health effects. Cancer is judged to be the main risk from radiation at low doses and low dose rates, and controlling this risk has been the main factor in developing radiation protection practice. Conventional paradigms of radiobiology and radiation carcinogenesis have served to guide extrapolations of epidemiological data on exposed human populations, so as to estimate risks at low doses and low dose rates, to other types of ionising radiation and to non-uniform exposures. These paradigms are founded on a century of experimental and theoretical studies, but nevertheless there remain many uncertainties. Major assumptions and simplifications have been introduced to achieve a practical system of additive doses (and implied risks) for radiation protection. Advancing epidemiological studies and experimental research continue to reduce uncertainties in some areas while, in others, they raise new challenges to the generality and applicability of the conventional paradigms.


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