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Radiation Protection Dosimetry Advance Access published online on February 29, 2008
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn039
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

REFERENCE LEVELS AT EUROPEAN LEVEL FOR CARDIAC INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES

R. Padovani1,*, E. Vano2, A. Trianni1, C. Bokou3, H. Bosmans4, D. Bor5, J. Jankowski6, P. Torbica7, K. Kepler8, A. Dowling9, C. Milu10, V. Tsapaki11, D. Salat12, J. Vassileva13 and K. Faulkner14

1 Medical Physics Department, Udine Hospital, Italy
2 Medial Physics Department, S. Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
3 Luxembourg's Hospital Association, Luxembourg
4 Department of Radiology, Gasthuisberg University Hospital, Leuven Belgium
5 Department of Engineering Physics, Ankara University, Turkey
6 Radiation Protection Department, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
7 Department of Radiology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Austria
8 Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
9 Medical Physics Department, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
10 Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Bucarest, Romania
11 Medical Physics Department, Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece
12 QA Department, Faculty of Public Health, Trencin, Slovakia
13 National Centre of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
14 QARC, Wallsend, Newcastle, UK

* Corresponding author: padovani.renato{at}aoud.sanita.fvg.it

In interventional cardiology, a wide variation in patient dose for the same type of procedure has been recognised by different studies. Variation is almost due to procedure complexity, equipment performance, procedure protocol and operator skill. The SENTINEL consortium has performed a survey in nine european centres collecting information on near 2000 procedures, and a new set of reference levels (RLs) for coronary angiography and angioplasty and diagnostic electrophysiology has been assessed for air kerma-area product: 45, 85 and 35 Gy cm2, effective dose: 8, 15 and 6 mSv, cumulative dose at interventional reference point: 650 and 1500 mGy, fluoroscopy time: 6.5, 15.5 and 21 min and cine frames: 700 and 1000 images, respectively. Because equipment performance and set-up are the factors contributing to patient dose variability, entrance surface air kerma for fluoroscopy, 13 mGy min–1, and image acquisition, 0.10 mGy per frame, have also been proposed in the set of RLs.


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