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Radiation Protection Dosimetry Advance Access published online on January 11, 2008
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm468
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Published by Oxford University Press 2007
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR COMPUTING ABSORBED DOSE TO SKELETAL TISSUES FROM PHOTON IRRADIATION

K. F. Eckerman1,*, W. E. Bolch2, M. Zankl3 and N. Petoussi-Henss3

1 Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6480, USA
2 Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
3 GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr, 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany

* Corresponding author: eckermankf{at}ornl.gov

The calculation of absorbed dose in skeletal tissues at radiogenic risk has been a difficult problem because the relevant structures cannot be represented in conventional geometric terms nor can they be visualised in the tomographic image data used to define the computational models of the human body. The active marrow, the tissue of concern in leukaemia induction, is present within the spongiosa regions of trabecular bone, whereas the osteoprogenitor cells at risk for bone cancer induction are considered to be within the soft tissues adjacent to the mineral surfaces. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends averaging the absorbed energy over the active marrow within the spongiosa and over the soft tissues within 10 µm of the mineral surface for leukaemia and bone cancer induction, respectively. In its forthcoming recommendation, it is expected that the latter guidance will be changed to include soft tissues within 50 µm of the mineral surfaces. To address the computational problems, the skeleton of the proposed ICRP reference computational phantom has been subdivided to identify those voxels associated with cortical shell, spongiosa and the medullary cavity of the long bones. It is further proposed that the Monte Carlo calculations with these phantoms compute the energy deposition in the skeletal target tissues as the product of the particle fluence in the skeletal subdivisions and applicable fluence-to-dose–response functions. This paper outlines the development of such response functions for photons.


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