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Radiation Protection Dosimetry Advance Access originally published online on March 28, 2008
Radiation Protection Dosimetry 2008 130(4):518-524; doi:10.1093/rpd/ncn090
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

The additional dose to radiosensitive organs caused by using under-collimated X-ray beams in neonatal intensive care radiography

Hanan Datz1,2,*, Avi Ben-Shlomo1, David Bader3, Siegal Sadetzki4,5, Ada Juster-Reicher6, Kyla Marks7, Tatiana Smolkin8, Samuel Zangen9 and Menachem Margaliot1

1 Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Division, Yavne, Israel
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
3 Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Haifa, Israel
4 Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
5 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
6 Kaplan Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Rehovot, Israel
7 Soroka Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Beer-Sheva, Israel
8 Rambam Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Haifa, Israel
9 Barzilay Medical Center, Department of Neonatology, Ashkelon, Israel

* Corresponding author: datz{at}soreq.gov.il

Received February 7, 2007, amended February 18, 2008, accepted February 26, 2008

Radiographic technique and exposure parameters were recorded in five Israeli Neonatal Intensive Care Units for chest, abdomen and both chest and abdomen X-ray examinations. Equivalent dose and effective dose values were calculated according to actual examination field size borders and proper technique field size recommendations using PCXMC, a PC-based Monte Carlo program. Exposure of larger than required body areas resulted in an increase of the organ doses by factors of up to 162 (testes), 162 (thyroid) and 8 (thyroid) for chest, abdomen and both chest and abdomen examinations, respectively. These exposures increased the average effective dose by factors of 2.0, 1.9 and 1.3 for the chest, abdomen and both chest and abdomen examinations, respectively. Differences in exposure parameters were found between the different neonatal intensive care units—tube voltage, current–time product and focal to skin distance differences up to 13, 44 and 22%, respectively. Reduction of at least 50% of neonate exposure is feasible and can be implemented using existing methodology without any additional costs.


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